Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is a serious condition characterized by increased pressure within the abdomen, leading to insufficient blood flow to the abdominal organs and impaired organ function.
It can be a life-threatening condition requiring urgent medical attention.
### Causes:
- Trauma or injury to the abdomen
- Abdominal surgery
- Severe infection (e.g., peritonitis or sepsis)
- Massive fluid resuscitation
- Burns
- Intra-abdominal bleeding
- Bowel obstruction
### Symptoms:
- Abdominal distension
- Decreased urine output
- Difficulty breathing
- Low blood pressure
- Increased heart rate
- Pain and tenderness in the abdomen
### Diagnosis:
- Measurement of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) using a catheter
- Physical examination
- Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan) to identify underlying causes
### Treatment:
- Decompression surgery (laparotomy) to relieve pressure
- Supportive care to manage symptoms and underlying conditions
- Fluid management to avoid over-resuscitation
- Use of medications to support blood pressure and organ function
### Prognosis:
The prognosis of ACS depends on the promptness of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the patient's overall health and the underlying cause. Early intervention is critical to prevent permanent damage to abdominal organs and improve outcomes.