or
Hemophilia B
or
Factor IX Deficiency
Christmas Disease is another name for Hemophilia B, a rare genetic blood clotting disorder. Here are the key points about Christmas Disease:
## Origin of the Name
The condition was named after Stephen Christmas, a 5-year-old Canadian boy who was the first patient diagnosed with this specific form of hemophilia in 1952[2][4]. The initial report identifying it as a distinct disorder was published in the Christmas edition of the British Medical Journal, further cementing the name[4].
## Cause and Inheritance
Christmas Disease is caused by a deficiency of blood clotting factor IX due to a mutation in the F9 gene[1][3]. It is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, meaning:
- Males are primarily affected
- Females can be carriers without symptoms
- Affected fathers pass the gene to all their daughters but none of their sons
- Carrier mothers have a 50% chance of passing it to each child[3][5]
## Symptoms and Severity
The main symptom is an increased tendency to bleed or bruise easily[1][3]. Severity can vary:
- Mild cases may only experience bleeding after trauma or surgery
- Severe cases can have spontaneous bleeding episodes, including into joints (hemarthrosis)
- Symptoms may not appear until later in life in some cases[1]
## Prevalence and Diagnosis
Hemophilia B is less common than Hemophilia A:
- Affects about 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 40,000 male births
- Represents about 15% of all hemophilia cases[3][4]
Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure factor IX levels and genetic testing[1].
## Treatment
While there is no cure, treatment options include:
- Factor IX replacement therapy
- Antifibrinolytic medications like epsilon aminocaproic acid
- Gene therapy (emerging treatment)[1][3]
With proper management, individuals with Christmas Disease can lead relatively normal lives, though careful monitoring and preventive measures are necessary to avoid complications from bleeding episodes.
Citations:
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560792/
[2] https://www.csl.com/we-are-csl/vita-original-stories/2022/explainer-why-is-hemophilia-b-called-christmas-disease
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3862613/
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilia_B
[5] https://www.healthline.com/health/hemophilia-b
[6] https://www.bleeding.org/bleeding-disorders-a-z/types/hemophilia-b
[7] https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hemophilia-b/
[8] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23912-hemophilia-b