Normal Processes (Step 1 Emphasis)
Embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal transitional changes
Organ structure and function
cardiac cycle, mechanics, heart sounds, cardiac conduction, hemodynamics (pressure, volume, and flow changes that occur within the heart ), including blood volume and systemic vascular resistance circulation in specific vascular beds, including pulmonary and coronary
Cell/tissue structure and function
heart muscle, metabolism, oxygen consumption, biochemistry, and secretory function (eg, atrial natriuretic peptide)
endothelium and secretory function
neural and hormonal regulation of the heart, including responses to change in posture, exercise, and tissue metabolism, and autonomic responses
neural and hormonal regulation of blood vessels and blood volume, including responses to change in posture, exercise, and tissue metabolism, and autonomic responses
Repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life
Abnormal Processes: Health and Health Maintenance, Screening, Diagnosis, Management, Risks, Prognosis (Step 2 & 3 Emphasis)
Infectious, immunologic, and inflammatory disorders
infectious disorders:
immunologic and inflammatory disorders (myocarditis)
Neoplasms:
Dysrhythmias:
premature beats (PACs, PVCs); atrial flutter/fibrillation; multifocal atrial tachycardia; paroxysmal tachycardias; ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation; wide complex tachycardia; torsades des pointes; bradycardias; atrioventricular block (first-, second-, third-degree); conduction disorder (LBBB, RBBB); cardiac arrest; sick sinus syndrome; prolonged QT syndrome; Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; carotid sinus hypersensitivity; pacemaker dysfunction, including failure to sense, capture
Heart failure: chordae tendineae rupture; congestive heart failure; cor pulmonale; diastolic dysfunction; systolic dysfunction; mitral valve dysfunction; heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction; high-output heart failure, including thyrotoxicosis-induced, anemia-induced; tachycardia, induced; cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Ischemic heart disease: acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction; angina pectoris, stable and unstable/coronary artery disease/coronary insufficiency; coronary artery spasm
Diseases of the myocardium: cardiomyopathy, dilated, including alcoholic, viral, takotsubo; cardiomyopathy, obstructive hypertrophic; cardiomyopathy, familial dilated; cardiomyopathy, restrictive; hypertensive heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy; complications of myocardial infarction; traumatic tamponade post-myocardial infarction; papillary muscle rupture/dysfunction; ventricular free wall rupture; myocarditis
Diseases of the pericardium: chronic constrictive pericardiopathy; pericardial effusion; pericardial tamponade; acute pericarditis; pericarditis, following myocardial infarction, surgery, trauma
Valvular heart disease: valve disorders, mitral/aortic/tricuspid/pulmonic; mitral valve prolapse; functional murmurs; rheumatic heart disease; complications of artificial valves
Hypotension: orthostatic hypotension
Hypertension: elevated blood pressure reading without diagnosis of hypertension; essential hypertension; malignant hypertension; secondary hypertension
Dyslipidemia: hypercholesterolemia; hyperlipidemia; hypertriglyceridemia; lipoproteins/lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Vascular disorders
disorders of the great vessels: aneurysm, aortic (abdominal/thoracic), dissection, ruptured; aneurysm, iliac, other peripheral vascular, ruptured; aortoiliac disease
peripheral arterial vascular disease: arterial embolus/thrombosis; arteriovenous fistula; atheroembolic disease; claudication; compartment syndrome; cholesterol emboli; hypertensive vascular disease; peripheral arterial disease; thromboangiitis obliterans
diseases of the veins: deep venous thrombosis, venous thromboembolism; phlebitis/thrombophlebitis; varicose veins; venous insufficiency; stasis ulcers, stasis dermatitis
Traumatic and mechanical disorders: ventricular puncture; myocardial contusion; lymphedema; myocardial rupture; traumatic aortic dissection
Congenital disorders, including disease in adults: anomalous left coronary artery; atrial septal defect; coarctation of the aorta; endocardial cushion defect; patent foramen ovale; patent ductus arteriosus; tetralogy of Fallot; transposition of the great vessels; ventricular septal defect
Adverse effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system:
ACE inhibitors,
calcium channel blockers,
alpha blockers,
minoxidil